Toll systems

Toll systems are network objects which can be used to integrate toll zones and tolls into the network model (User Manual: Managing toll systems ). They represent the basis for the calculation of road tolls in the Tribut procedures (Basics of assignment with toll consideration).

In Visum, there are different kinds of toll model types:

• Area toll

In case of an area toll, a geographically contiguous part of the network is designated as a toll zone and a distance-independent charge applies if a portion of the route is located within the toll zone. In Visum, you can define such toll zones by inserting a polygon and specifying a toll for all associated chargeable links.

The "Congestion Charge" in London is an example of an area toll.

• Link toll

The toll is defined for each link individually via the link attribute Toll-PrTSys. Here, the route's monetary costs result from summing up the toll amounts by link along the route.

The German HGV toll, for example, is a link toll.

• Matrix toll

This type is the typical road pricing scheme for motorway corridors. A subset of links is designated as a toll zone with a small number of connections (entries and exits) to the rest of the network. Toll prices are not defined as a total of link toll prices, but there is an individual price for each pair (entry – exit). Because of these pairs, this type of road pricing scheme is called a matrix toll. Toll typically increases with distance but in a degressive way, i.e. the toll per km decreases with distance.

The French motorways are an example of this type of toll.

The following overview shows which toll type is suitable for which procedure:

Toll systems and procedures	Link toll	Area toll	Matrix toll
TRIBUT - Equilibrium assignment	Yes	No	No
TRIBUT - Equilibrium_Lohse	No	Yes	Yes