Basis for calculating cold start excess

The cold start excess emissions are determined in the same way as for HBEFA (Basis for calculating cold start excess emissions). For the emissions calculation according to COPERT, only the surface calculation using the cold emission factors of COPERT vehicle strata is supported.

Note: In COPERT, cold start excess emissions are not indicated for all vehicle strata. For strata without an available excess, a cold start excess emission of 0 g/start will be applied.