The destination and mode choice can be preceded by the choice of long-term destinations. Long-term destinations are usually recurring mandatory activities such as work or school. They are chosen once per person and are thus already fixed as a destination for corresponding activities. The choice is analogous to a destination choice of the trip chain Home - Work - Home.
When choosing long-term destinations, it is possible to apply a so-called double constraint. This has major advantages over aggregated models: The double constraint is not based on collected work trips (in aggregated models, e.g., workplaces are matched with work trips), but on the person characteristic "employed." As a result, a workplace is also attributed to employees who (e.g. due to remote working or part-time work) did not make a commute on the reporting day. In addition, for more short-term scenarios (e.g., the temporary closure of a road), the workplace can be kept constant.
Double constraint is realized through shadow pricing at activity locations.
